Hammertoes

What is hammertoe?

Hammertoe is a common foot deformity in which one or more toes bend abnormally at the middle joint, resembling a hammer. This condition usually affects the second, third, or fourth toes and can develop gradually. 

Hammertoes may be flexible at first, meaning they can be straightened, but if left untreated, they can become rigid and more difficult to correct.

What causes hammertoe?

Hammertoe typically develops due to an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that control toe movement. Several contributing factors to the imbalance include:

Ill-fitting shoes

Tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes force your toes into an unnatural position, increasing pressure on your joints.

Genetics

Some people inherit a tendency to develop foot deformities.

Muscle and tendon imbalance

Over time, an imbalance in foot muscles can cause your toe to bend abnormally.

Arthritis and other conditions

Certain medical conditions, such as arthritis or diabetes, can increase your risk of hammertoes.

Toe injuries

A previous toe injury, such as a jam or fracture, may contribute to deformity.

Are hammertoes painful?

Hammertoes can cause discomfort, especially when wearing shoes that put pressure on the raised joint. Common symptoms include pain, inflammation, and redness at the affected toe. Corns or calluses may also form where the toe rubs against footwear. 

In more severe cases, the toe may become stiff and painful even without pressure. If left untreated, hammertoes can lead to complications such as open sores, especially if you have diabetes.

How are hammertoes treated?

Treatment depends on the severity of your condition. In the early stages, nonsurgical options can help manage symptoms and prevent progression. These include:

• Wearing proper footwear: roomy, comfortable shoes with a wide toe box to relieve pressure
• Toe exercises: stretching and strengthening exercises to improve flexibility
• Padding and orthotics: cushions and custom insoles to help protect the affected toe

If the hammertoe becomes rigid and painful, you may need surgery to correct the deformity. Dr. Lynn may suggest procedures involving tendon release, joint fusion, or bone removal to realign the toe. Early intervention is key to preventing long-term discomfort and mobility issues.

If you have hammertoe symptoms, book an appointment at Comprehensive Podiatric Care for an evaluation and treatment. Call or use the online scheduler now.